The BMW N54 is a turbocharged straight-six petrol engine that was produced from 2006 to 2016. It was used in a variety of BMW models, including the 135i, 335i, 535i, and the Z4 35i.
The N54 engine has a displacement of 3.0 liters and features twin turbochargers, direct fuel injection, and variable valve timing. It was the first BMW engine to feature direct injection and was also one of the first turbocharged engines to be used in a modern BMW.
The N54 engine was capable of producing up to 300 kW (408 hp) and 600 Nm (443 lb-ft) of torque in its most powerful form. It was known for its strong low-end torque and smooth power delivery. However, it also had some reliability issues, particularly with the high-pressure fuel pump and the turbochargers.
In 2010, BMW released an updated version of the N54 engine, known as the N55. The N55 featured a single twin-scroll turbocharger, which improved throttle response and reduced turbo lag. The N55 was also more reliable than the N54 and was used in many BMW models until 2019.
Engine specifications for BMW N54 3.0 l
N54B30 O0
| Displacement | 2979 cc |
| Power system | Direct Injection |
| Engine power | 306 hp |
| Torque | 400 Nm |
| Cylinder block | Aluminum R6 |
| Cylinder head | Aluminum 24v |
| Cylinder diameter | 84 mm |
| Stroke | 89.6 mm |
| Compression ratio | 10.2 |
| Engine features | No |
| Hydraulic compensators | Yes |
| Timing Chain/Belt | Timing Chain |
| Variable Valve Timing (VVT) | double VANOS |
| Turbocharger | Bi-Turbo |
| Oil capacity/Recommended oil | 6.5 l 5W-30 |
| Fuel type | Medium/Plus |
| Euro class | EURO 5 |
| Average lifespan | 250 000 km |
N54B30T0
| Displacement | 2979 cc |
| Power system | Direct Injection |
| Engine power | 326 – 340 hp |
| Torque | 450 Nm |
| Cylinder block | Aluminum R6 |
| Cylinder head | Aluminum 24v |
| Cylinder diameter | 84 mm |
| Stroke | 89.6 mm |
| Compression ratio | 10.2 |
| Engine features | No |
| Hydraulic compensators | Yes |
| Timing Chain/Belt | Chain |
| Variable Valve Timing (VVT) | double VANOS |
| Turbocharger | Bi-Turbo |
| Oil capacity/Recommended oil | 6.5 l 5W-30 |
| Fuel type | Medium/Plus |
| Euro class | EURO 5 |
| Average lifespan | 220 000 km |
The dry weight of the N54 engine is 187 kg
The N54 engine number is on the joint between the block and the head
Fuel economy
The table of the fuel economy ratings for the BMW N54 engine in various models:
| Model | City MPG | Highway MPG | Combined MPG |
|---|---|---|---|
| 135i | 17 | 25 | 20 |
| 335i | 17 | 26 | 20 |
| 535i | 17 | 25 | 20 |
| Z4 35i | 17 | 24 | 20 |
Please note that these fuel economy ratings are based on the US EPA test cycle and may vary depending on driving conditions and individual driving habits. Additionally, the N54 engine is known for its performance capabilities rather than fuel efficiency, so these ratings may not be as high as some other engines in similar vehicles.
What cars use the BMW N54 3.0l engine
| 1-Series E87 | 2007 – 2012 |
| 3-Series E90 | 2006 – 2010 |
| 5-Series E60 | 2007 – 2010 |
| 7-Series F01 | 2008 – 2012 |
| X6-Series E71 | 2008 – 2010 |
| Z4-Series E89 | 2009 – 2016 |
The recommended maintenance schedule for the BMW N54 engine
| Maintenance Item | Frequency | Notes and Additional Information |
|---|---|---|
| Engine oil and filter change | Every 5,000 to 7,500 miles | Use BMW LL-01 approved oil and high-quality filters |
| Spark plug replacement | Every 40,000 to 50,000 miles | Use OEM or high-quality aftermarket spark plugs |
| Coolant replacement | Every 4 years or 50,000 miles | Use BMW-approved coolant and flush the system before refilling |
| Air filter replacement | Every 30,000 to 40,000 miles | Replace more frequently if driving in dusty or dirty environments |
| Fuel filter replacement | Every 50,000 miles | Replace more frequently if driving in areas with poor fuel quality |
| Power steering fluid replacement | Every 2 years or 30,000 miles | Use BMW-approved fluid and bleed the system after refilling |
| Brake fluid replacement | Every 2 years or 30,000 miles | Use BMW-approved fluid and bleed the system after refilling |
| Transmission fluid and filter change | Every 50,000 to 60,000 miles | Use BMW-approved fluid and replace both the filter and pan gasket |
It’s important to note that this maintenance schedule is a general guideline and may vary depending on the specific model year and driving conditions. Always consult your owner’s manual or a qualified mechanic for the most accurate and up-to-date maintenance recommendations for your BMW N54 engine. Additionally, staying on top of regular maintenance can help prevent more serious issues and extend the lifespan of your engine.
Common BMW N54 Engine Problems
The BMW N54 engine is a powerful and efficient engine that has been used in many BMW models since 2006. However, like any other engine, the N54 engine is prone to certain problems. In this article, we will discuss the most common BMW N54 engine problems and how to diagnose and fix them.
High-Pressure Fuel Pump (HPFP) Failure
The high-pressure fuel pump (HPFP) is a common problem in the BMW N54 engine. The HPFP is responsible for delivering fuel to the engine at high pressure. If the HPFP fails, it can cause a loss of power and rough idling. In some cases, the engine may not start at all. If you suspect a HPFP failure, you should have it diagnosed by a mechanic. The HPFP can be replaced, but it is an expensive repair.
Turbocharger Failure / Wastegate Rattle
Turbocharger failure is another common problem in the BMW N54 engine. Turbochargers can fail due to a lack of oil, contaminated oil, or excessive shaft play. When a turbocharger fails, you may experience a loss of power, smoke from the exhaust, or a whistling noise. Wastegate rattle is also a common problem in the N54 engine. The wastegate is responsible for regulating the boost pressure in the turbocharger. When the wastegate fails, it can cause a rattling noise from the engine. If you suspect a turbocharger or wastegate problem, have it diagnosed by a mechanic. Turbochargers can be rebuilt, but it is an expensive repair.
Leaky Fuel Injectors
Leaky fuel injectors are another common problem in the BMW N54 engine. Fuel injectors can leak due to a damaged seal or a clogged injector. If you have leaky fuel injectors, you may experience a rough idle, loss of power, or poor fuel economy. If you suspect leaky fuel injectors, have them diagnosed by a mechanic. Fuel injectors can be replaced, but it is an expensive repair.
Leaking Boost / Chargepipe Failure
Leaking boost or chargepipe failure is a common problem in the BMW N54 engine. The boost or chargepipe is responsible for delivering compressed air from the turbocharger to the engine. If the boost or chargepipe fails, it can cause a loss of power or a hissing noise from the engine. If you suspect a boost or chargepipe problem, have it diagnosed by a mechanic. Boost or chargepipes can be replaced, but it is an expensive repair.
Valve Cover Oil Leak
Valve cover oil leaks are another common problem in the BMW N54 engine. The valve cover is responsible for sealing the top of the engine and preventing oil leaks. If the valve cover gasket fails, it can cause oil leaks and a burning oil smell. If you suspect a valve cover oil leak, have it diagnosed by a mechanic. The valve cover gasket can be replaced, but it is a labor-intensive repair.
Carbon Build-up
Carbon build-up is a common problem in the BMW N54 engine. Carbon build-up occurs when the engine runs rich or when the fuel injectors are clogged. Carbon build-up can cause a loss of power, rough idling, or poor fuel economy. If you suspect carbon build-up, have it diagnosed by a mechanic. Carbon build-up can be cleaned, but it is a time-consuming repair.
Vanos Solenoids
Vanos solenoids are responsible for controlling the variable valve timing in the BMW N54 engine. If the Vanos solenoids fail, it can cause a loss of power or rough idling. There are two specific Vanos solenoid codes that are common in the N54 engine: 2A87 and 2A88. If you experience these codes, it is likely that the Vanos solenoids need to be replaced. This is a relatively simple repair and can be done by a mechanic.
Water Pump Failure
Water pump failure is a common problem in the BMW N54 engine. The water pump is responsible for circulating coolant through the engine to regulate the temperature. If the water pump fails, it can cause overheating and engine damage. Signs of a water pump failure include coolant leaks and a whining noise from the engine. If you suspect a water pump failure, have it diagnosed by a mechanic. The water pump can be replaced, but it is a labor-intensive repair.
Tuning
The BMW N54 engine is a popular engine for tuning, and there are many different ways to modify it to increase performance. Here is a detailed table of some of the most common tuning modifications and their respective gains:
| Tuning Modification | Approximate Horsepower Gain | Approximate Torque Gain |
|---|---|---|
| Cold Air Intake | 5-10 HP | 5-10 lb-ft |
| High-Flow Air Filter | 2-5 HP | 2-5 lb-ft |
| Catless Downpipes | 20-30 HP | 20-30 lb-ft |
| Upgraded Intercooler | 10-20 HP | 10-20 lb-ft |
| Performance Exhaust | 5-10 HP | 5-10 lb-ft |
| ECU Tune | 50-100+ HP | 50-100+ lb-ft |
| Methanol Injection | 20-50 HP | 20-50 lb-ft |
| Upgraded Turbos | 100-200+ HP | 100-200+ lb-ft |
It’s worth noting that the actual horsepower and torque gains will vary depending on the specific modifications, the condition of the engine, and other factors. Additionally, some modifications may require additional supporting modifications to be effective, such as upgraded fuel pumps, injectors, or engine internals. It’s always a good idea to consult with a professional tuner before making any modifications to your engine to ensure that they are safe and effective.
Price
The table showing the approximate price range for the BMW N54 engine in used condition:
| Condition | Price Range | Notes and Additional Information |
|---|---|---|
| Excellent | $3,500 to $5,500 | Low mileage, well-maintained engines in great condition |
| Good | $2,500 to $3,500 | Higher mileage engines that are still in good working order |
| Fair | $1,500 to $2,500 | Engines that may need some work or have some wear and tear |
| Poor/For Parts | Less than $1,500 | Engines that are not running or require extensive repairs |
Please note that these prices are estimates based on market trends and may vary depending on the specific year, model, and condition of the engine. Additionally, it’s important to thoroughly inspect any used engine before purchasing to ensure that it is in good working order and will meet your needs.
FAQs
- What is the N54 engine? The N54 engine is a turbocharged straight-six engine used in many BMW models since 2006.
- What causes high-pressure fuel pump failure in the N54 engine? High-pressure fuel pump failure in the N54 engine is often caused by a faulty fuel pressure sensor, contaminated fuel, or a worn camshaft.
- How can I prevent carbon build-up in the N54 engine? Regular oil changes, using high-quality fuel, and using fuel injector cleaner can help prevent carbon build-up in the N54 engine.
- What is the cost to replace the turbocharger in the N54 engine? The cost to replace the turbocharger in the N54 engine can vary depending on the model of your BMW and the extent of the damage. However, it can be a costly repair.
- How often should I replace the water pump in the N54 engine? The water pump in the N54 engine should be replaced every 60,000 to 80,000 miles to prevent failure and engine damage.
- Can I drive my BMW with a faulty HPFP? It is not recommended to drive your BMW with a faulty high-pressure fuel pump as it can cause a loss of power and potential engine damage.
- How can I diagnose a Vanos solenoid failure in the N54 engine? If you experience the specific Vanos solenoid codes 2A87 and 2A88, it is likely that the Vanos solenoids need to be replaced. A mechanic can diagnose this issue with specialized diagnostic tools.
- Can I clean carbon build-up myself? Carbon build-up can be cleaned, but it is a time-consuming and delicate process. It is recommended to have a professional mechanic clean the carbon build-up to avoid causing further damage to the engine.
- How often should I have my N54 engine serviced? Regular maintenance and service are important for the longevity and performance of your N54 engine. It is recommended to have your BMW serviced every 10,000 to 15,000 miles, or as recommended by your vehicle’s manufacturer.
- What should I do if I experience any of these common problems in my N54 engine? If you suspect any of these common problems in your N54 engine, it is important to have them diagnosed and repaired by a professional mechanic as soon as possible. Delaying repairs can lead to further damage and more costly repairs in the future.
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